The Native American Indian Movement - 1311 Words

In today’s day and age, equality, freedom, and rights for all are topics that are constantly being brought up in politics and everyday life. However, these are not new ideas. In fact, throughout history, people have been fighting for their freedom, equality, rights, and fighting against the degeneration their cultures and beliefs. In the case of the Native Americans, they were abused and exploited for millennia only to â€Å"benefit† people of higher power. Similar to other oppressed groups, there became a time when the American Indians began to stand for who they are and commenced fighting for the demolition of injustice. Because of the increasing need for a voice, members of the Native American communities band together to create the American Indian Movement (AIM). The initiation of AIM lead to a spur of American Indian non-violent protests, which began the fundamental transformation of society. The American Indian Movement was formally founded in July 1968. However the group existed unnamed for 500 years prior to the founding. In 1999, 30 years after their creation, the group published a paper discussing the history of AIM and the methods behind their cause. â€Å"The movement was founded to turn the attention of Indian people toward a renewal of spirituality which would impart the strength of resolve needed to reverse the ruinous policies of the United States, Canada, and other colonialist governments of Central and South America.† For the group, spirituality and nativeShow MoreRelatedNative Americans And The American Indian Movement Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesStates, Native Americans, also known as American Indians or just simply Indians are considered to be people whose pre-Columbian ancestors were indigenous to the lands withi n the nation’s modern boundaries. These people were composed of numerous distinct tribes, bands and ethnic groups. Custer Died for Your Sins is a 1969, non-fiction book by the lawyer, professor and writer Vine Deloria. This was noted primarily for its relevance to activist organizations like the American Indian Movement. The bookRead MoreThe Native Occupation of Alcatraz Island and Its Effects on the Greater American Indian Movement.2075 Words   |  9 PagesThe Native Occupation of Alcatraz Island and its Effects on the Greater American Indian Movement. On November 20th, 1969 a group of Indian students, and urban Indians from the Bay Area led by Richard Oakes landed on Alcatraz Island claiming it as Indian Land (Johnson). This was a multi-tribal group and so they adopted the name Indians of All Tribes (Johnson). The 1969 landing and subsequent 19 month occupation was not the first attempt at an occupation; it was however the last and the longestRead MoreThe Indian Civil Rights Act1577 Words   |  7 PagesCongress passed the Indian Bill of Rights, otherwise known as the Indian Civil Rights Act, in order to apply restrictions and protection under the United States Constitution to Native American governments. This act induced similar Civil Rights and independence to the specified reservation citizens as those who the Federal Constitution guarantees under the State and Federal jurisdiction. (American Indian Rights Handbook 11). Many controversies arose among the Native Americans due to the popular beliefRead MoreEssay on His/145 Nat ive American Civil Rights724 Words   |  3 PagesNative American Civil Rights HIS/145 Native American Civil Rights Native Americans were the people of the land before English settlers claimed the United States as it is today. Throughout time they have been mistreated by white people and forced to be Americanized. Their culture has almost died with their people, and to this day their rights can be challenged as unjustified. Before the 1960’s, Native Americans were pretty much ignored by other groups of ethnicity, especially the whites.Read MoreNative American Self Determination Movement1441 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing on from this last point the Native American self-determination movement has achieved almost all of its victories without outside help. Indeed many organisations such as the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), Native American Rights Fund (NARF) and National Alaska Native American Indian Nurses Association (NANAINA) are run by and for Native Americans and their interests. As with most civil rights movements but even more the case as Native Americans have their own sovereign citizenshipRead MoreWestward Expansion and Indian Removal1480 Words   |  6 Pagespreventing American expansion and growth? Although the aboriginal people of America had claimed their land before the settlement of white colonists, the Native Americans proved an impediment towards the ultimate growth in America’s economic and commercial power. However harsh the treatment of Native Americans in the past was, the relocation and removal of the Natives was a necessary action, allowing the United States with the global status it possesses today. The relocation movements of Native AmericansRead MoreThe Fight For Civil Rights1061 Words   |  5 Pages The fight for civil rights was one of the most significant events of american history in the years of 1960. It was an era to struggle and to look forward for a better future. In that era American people witnessed the rise of the Red Power Movement. This movement was a way for Native American to get back some of their rights and pushing for more and more. There are two major aspects of the Red Power movement. The first one the political aspect which attempts to solve problems through the politicalRead MoreNative Americans During European Colonization1371 Words   |  6 Pages Native Americans, the people who were not supposed to survive the settlement of Europeans, have lived long and strong, but it is not to say it was has been without struggle (â€Å"A Brief History† 2006). â€Å"No other group, however, faced problems more severe than the Native Americans† (â€Å"Digital† 2014). Struggling to keep control of their sacred land, provide an education for their children, and practice their language, beliefs, and traditions in silence was the typical life of the Native American peopleRead MoreEssay on The American Indian Movement1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Indian Movement is an organization in the United States that attempts to bring attention to the injustice and unfair treatment of American Indians . Aside from that, the AIM works for better protection and care for the American Indians and their families. They have been changing the American perception of Indians since the late 1960’s, as well as aiding our awareness of their existence. The AIM was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Dennis Banks and Clyde Bellecourt, mainly to stopRead MoreAnalysis Of Lakota Woman By Mary Crow Dog1688 Words   |  7 Pagestheir property, freedom, and racial equality. In the book called â€Å"Lakota Woman† by Mary Crow Dog, she has been describing her childhood to the age of 39 which has been related to many historical events associated with the American Indian Movement. Many of those American Indian Movement was to fight for their rights to have a safer future for their cultural and religion by finding the solution to end the ubiquitous system of injustice privileges. Mary Crow Dog philosophy in her book has been telling her

The term ‘butcher of the Somme’ in the context of the Battle of the Somme Free Essays

The term ‘butcher of the Somme’ in the context of the Battle of the Somme, a significant battle means that Haig was responsible for, almost casually, sending thousands of British troops to their deaths, at the hands of the Germans, for no reason at all. The battle was meant to make the war mobile again, but it led to a longer stalemate. Douglas Haig (1861-1928) was the British commander on the western front during World War I. We will write a custom essay sample on The term ‘butcher of the Somme’ in the context of the Battle of the Somme or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was later promoted to full general. With him in charge the casualties were British and Imperial casualties between July 1 and November 19, 1916 totalled approximately 420,000. On July 1st. (British + Canadian) 08:30-09:30= 30,000 casualties, 12:00= 50,000, end of day= 67,000. There are many arguments for and against for the title given to Haig. There were many arguments for the title given to Haig. Many people, not historians say that he really did deserve it, mainly because there was no-one to blame except him for their ancestors’ deaths. There were many reasons. For example Haig was stubborn in the sense that he kept using the same failing tactic until November. He had hardly any faith in his troops as he never used the Creeping Barrage with them as he predicted that he would kill his own men in it. Also his usage of favouritism led to the many unnecessary deaths as he used the inferior method of cavalry, which led to the deaths of troops and resources for transport. In conclusion there were a lot of arguments in favour of the title. The fact that Haig wasted lives of men in such a way agrees with the fact of him being the ‘butcher of the Somme’ However, there are many arguments against that the title should be given to Haig. Some historians have found that many of his actions were caused due to poor communications and false reports, these led to his death-causing actions. For example, his ‘messengers’ told him that the bombardment was going well and the barbed wire had been ‘ well cut’, this was not true, due to this, Haig launched an infantry attack thinking that most Germans were dead and the wire had been destroyed, this led to the 30,000 casualties within the first hour. Also, he did make it clear that there would be a large no. of casualties and deaths so one cannot really blame him. Moreover, the manufacturers of the guns and artillery were mostly duds so it is their fault. Furthermore, many of the army were inexperienced. Additionally and most importantly, he got hardly any help from the French, it was meant to be a Franco-British attack, and he was under a lot of pressure from t he two governments. In conclusion, many of his moves were caused from poor and false communications as well as pressure from the governments. He also had to make do with inferior weapons. To sum up, on one hand, Haig didn’t deserve the title as most of his actions were caused by false reports and low-grade weapons. On the other hand, even though he didn’t know about the non-success, he did later on and he still kept using the same failed tactics, overall, I think he did deserve it, the continuous usage of failing attacks and therefore causing more deaths for no reason is inexcusable, he did deserve it. Did Haig really deserve the title ‘butcher of the Somme’ or has history judged him wrong How to cite The term ‘butcher of the Somme’ in the context of the Battle of the Somme, Papers

What is Technology Education Essay Example For Students

What is Technology Education? Essay What is Technology Education? What is Technology Education? Essay I asked myself nearly a year ago. I was at the time involved in Industrial Technology with a concentration in Drafting Design. Unchallenged and bored with that particular field of study, I searched for something new, but yet somewhat the same. I saw a flyer posted in Flanagan Hall at my former stomping ground, East Carolina University, that said teachers were desperately needed at local high schools. Some of the subjects they needed teachers in included: Electronics, Wood Shop, Auto Mechanics, Computer Applications, and the one that caught my eye the most, Drafting Design. The flyer said all you needed to teach middle and high school in these particular subjects was a BS in Industrial Technology (but teacher certification was a plus was noted in the fine print). I did some research on Technology Education and did some personal reflection if this was a career I was really interested in. It sure beats a 9 to 5 job, I thought, and it cant be monotonous because every day you do something new especially in the type of teaching Id like to pursue, Drafting Design. Over the weekend I did some more research on a professional organization that is directly related to my field, Industrial Technology Education Association (ITEA). ITEA is a large, in fact the largest, professional educational association devoted to enhancing technology education through experiences in our schools (K-12). ITEA covers individuals and institutions throughout the world with the primary membership in North America. More than forty thousand technology educators in the United States alone represent ITEA. The corporate members of ITEA are comprised of leading technology companies. ITEAs mission is to advance technological means for all people. ITEA tries to meet the professional needs and interests of members as well as to improve public understanding of technology education and its contributions. ITEA conducts various professional development programs and holds an annual conference. This conference is the largest technology education show of exhibits and educational sessions in the world. Wow! Some publications the Industrial Technology Education Association compose include the following: The Technology Teacher, Technology and Children, and The Journal of Technology Education. There are ten committees that organize the aspects of technology education. These committees of ITEA also sponsor dozens of meetings, conferences, and exhibits each year. They also sponsor an active honor and awards program that identifies outstanding teachers and programs (K-12) from states, provinces and countries that are affiliated with the Association. ITEA also presents award certificates and supports other programs that recognize outstanding efforts in the technology teaching profession. The last thing I want to mention here is that ITEA performs a strong public policy program, frequently providing information to the government, local and national agencies ; associations, and other special interest groups that deal with technology education. The Association attempts to provide an understanding of the importance of technology education to the future growth and welfare of all nations. ITEA provides many professional services that are available to teachers. As stated before, the Industrial Technology Educational Association provides a variety of publications and videos. This material leads the teachers by providing teaching directions, instructional ideas, and networking opportunities. Again, the Industrial Technology Educational Association has many worldwide conferences every year. Here are just a few upcoming conventions that are to be held in the near future: September 18-21, 1999: Technology International Conference, Erfurt, Federal Republic of Germany. The history, problems and prospects of technical education. September 24-25, 1999: Western Cape Technology Conference presented by The Technology Association at Western Province Prep School, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa. .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 , .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .postImageUrl , .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 , .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89:hover , .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89:visited , .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89:active { border:0!important; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89:active , .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89 .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54c43bfa3d308f2c85d4af65f5bbda89:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Native American Genocide EssayOctober 1-2, 1999: The Learning Institute for Technology Education Conference. Program strands include high school, middle school, later elementary and early elementary break-outs in Design and Technology, Math/Science/Technology integration, Info Tech/Computer, and Career Pathways. The conference will be held at Oakland Community College, Orchard Ridge Campus, Farmington Hills, MI. October 21-23, 1999: 62nd Annual New England Association of Technology Teachers (NEATT) Conference. Held at the Sheraton Burlington Hotel and Conference Center in Burlington, Vermont. December 12-15, 1999: Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE) Annual Convention, Orlando, FL. January 9-14, 2000: International Technology Conference to be held in Canberra, Australia. Hosted by the Australian Council of Education through Technology (ACET). February 13-19, 2000: Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE) Career and Technical Education Week. This years theme is 2000: A Career Odyssey. April 6-8, 2000: International Technology Education Association 62nd Annual Conference and Exposition, Salt Lake City, UT. The 2000 Conferences theme is Human Innovation in Action. June 21-25, 2000: Technology Student Association 22nd Annual National Conference and Competions, Atlanta, GA. July 18-20, 2000: The fourth Annual China-U.S. Conference on Education: .

Maxima And Minima Of The Function Engineering Essay Essay Example

Maxima And Minima Of The Function Engineering Essay Essay This term paper nowadayss concise accounts of the topic s general rules and uses worked illustrations freely to spread out the thoughts about work outing the jobs by suited methods. Each illustration shows the method of obtaining the solution and includes extra explanatory techniques. For some subjects, where it would hold been hard to understand a solution given on a individual job, the solution has been drawn in bit-by-bit signifier. All the figures used have been taken from Google Book hunt. The term paper covers the necessary definitions on MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF THE FUNCTIONS and some of its of import applications. It covers the subject such as types of other method for work outing the large job in a cutoff method known. The facets of how to develop some of the most normally seen jobs is besides covered in this term paper. The motivation of this term paper is do the reader familiar with the constructs of application of upper limit and lower limit of the map and We will write a custom essay sample on Maxima And Minima Of The Function Engineering Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Maxima And Minima Of The Function Engineering Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Maxima And Minima Of The Function Engineering Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer where this is used. Focus has been more on taking the simpler job so ( 2 ) that the construct could be made clearer even to the novices to technology mathematics. MAXIMA AND MINIMA Definition In mathematics, a point x*is a local maximumof a map fif there exists some I µ gt ; 0such that degree Fahrenheit ( x* ) a†°? degree Fahrenheit ( ten ) for all xwith |x-x*| lt ; I µ . Stated less officially, a local upper limit is a point where the map takes on its largest value among all points in the immediate locality. On a graph of a map, its local upper limit will look like the tops of hills. A local minimumis a point x*for which degree Fahrenheit ( x* ) a†°Ã‚ ¤ degree Fahrenheit ( ten ) for all xwith |x-x*| lt ; I µ . On a graph of a map, its local lower limit will look like the undersides of vales. A planetary maximumis a point x*for which degree Fahrenheit ( x* ) a†°? degree Fahrenheit ( ten ) for all x. Similarly, a planetary minimumis a point x*for which degree Fahrenheit ( x* ) a†°Ã‚ ¤ degree Fahrenheit ( ten ) for all x. Any planetary upper limit ( minimal ) is besides a local upper limit ( minimal ) ; nevertheless, a local upper limit or minimal demand non besides be a planetary upper limit or lower limit. The constructs of upper limit and lower limits are non restricted to maps whose sphere is the existent Numberss. One can speak about planetary upper limit and planetary lower limit for real-valued maps whose sphere is any set. In order to be able to specify local upper limit and local lower limit, the map needs to take existent values, and the construct of vicinity must be defined on the sphere of the map. A vicinity so plays the function of the set of tens such that |x x*| lt ; I µ . One refers to a local maximum/minimum as to a local extreme point ( or local optimum ) , and to a planetary maximum/minimum as to a planetary extreme point ( or planetary optimum ) . LOCAL MAXIMA AND MINIMA Functions can hold hills and vales : topographic points where they reach a lower limit or maximal value. It may non be the lower limit or upper limit for the whole map, but locally it is. You can see where they are, but how do we specify them? Local Maximum First we need to take an interval: Then we can state that a local upper limit is the point where: The tallness of the map at a is greater than ( or be to ) the tallness anyplace else in that interval. Or, more briefly: degree Fahrenheit ( a ) a†°? degree Fahrenheit ( ten ) for all x in the interval In other words, there is no tallness greater than degree Fahrenheit ( a ) . Note: degree Fahrenheit ( a ) should be inside the interval, non at one terminal or the other. Local Minimum Similarly, a local lower limit is: degree Fahrenheit ( a ) a†°Ã‚ ¤ degree Fahrenheit ( ten ) for all x in the interval The plural of Maximum is Maxima The plural of Minimum is Minima Maxima and Minima are jointly called Extreme point Global ( or Absolute ) Maximum and Minimum The upper limit or lower limit over the full map is called an Absolute or Global upper limit or lower limit. There is merely one planetary upper limit ( and one planetary lower limit ) but there can be more than one local upper limit or lower limit. A Assumingthis map continues downwards to left and right: The Global Maximum is about 3.7 The Global Minimum is -Infinity A Maxima and Minima of Functions of Two Variables Locate comparative upper limit, lower limit and saddle points of maps of two variables. Several illustrations with elaborate solutions are presented. three-dimensional graphs of maps are shown to corroborate the being of these points. More on Optimization Problems with Functions of Two Variables in this web site. Theorem Let f be a map with two variables with uninterrupted 2nd order partial derivativesfxx, fyyand fxyat a critical point ( a, B ) . Let D = fxx ( a, B ) fyy ( a, B ) fxy2 ( a, B ) If D gt ; 0 and fxx ( a, B ) gt ; 0, so degree Fahrenheit has a comparative lower limit at ( a, B ) . If D gt ; 0 and fxx ( a, B ) lt ; 0, so degree Fahrenheit has a comparative upper limit at ( a, B ) . If D lt ; 0, so degree Fahrenheit has a saddle point at ( a, B ) . If D = 0, so no decision can be drawn. We now present several illustrations with elaborate solutions on how to turn up comparative lower limit, upper limit and saddle points of maps of two variables. When excessively many critical points are found, the usage of a tabular array is really convenient. Example 1: Determine the critical points and turn up any comparative lower limit, upper limit and saddle points of map degree Fahrenheits defined by degree Fahrenheit ( x, y ) = 22+ 2xy + 2y2- 6x . Solution to Example 1: Find the first partial derived functions fxand fy. fx ( x, y ) = 4x + 2y 6 fy ( x, y ) = 2x + 4y The critical points satisfy the equations fx ( x, y ) = 0 and fy ( x, y ) = 0 at the same time. Hence. 4x + 2y 6 = 0 2x + 4y = 0 The above system of equations has one solution at the point ( 2, -1 ) . We now need to happen the 2nd order partial derived functions fxx ( x, y ) , fyy ( x, y ) and fxy ( x, Y ) . fxx ( x, y ) = 4 fxx ( x, y ) = 4 fxy ( x, y ) = 2 We now need to happen D defined above. D = fxx ( 2, -1 ) fyy ( 2, -1 ) fxy2 ( 2, -1 ) = ( 4 ) ( 4 ) 22= 12 Since D is positive and fxx ( 2, -1 ) is besides positive, harmonizing to the above theorem map degree Fahrenheit has a local lower limit at ( 2, -1 ) . The three-dimensional graph of map degree Fahrenheit given above shows that f has a local lower limit at the point ( 2, -1, degree Fahrenheit ( 2, -1 ) ) = ( 2, -1, -6 ) . Example 2: Determine the critical points and turn up any comparative lower limit, upper limit and saddle points of map degree Fahrenheits defined by degree Fahrenheit ( x, y ) = 22- 4xy + y4+ 2 . Solution to Example 2: Find the first partial derived functions fxand fy. fx ( x, y ) = 4x 4y fy ( x, y ) = 4x + 4y3 Determine the critical points by work outing the equations fx ( x, y ) = 0 and fy ( x, y ) = 0 at the same time. Hence. 4x 4y = 0 4x + 4y3= 0 The first equation gives x = y. Substitute ten by Y in the equation 4x + 4y3= 0 to obtain. 4y + 4y3= 0 Factor and solve for Y. 4y ( -1 + y2 ) = 0 Y = 0, y = 1 and y = -1 We now use the equation x = Y to happen the critical points. ( 0, 0 ) , ( 1, 1 ) and ( -1, -1 ) We now determine the 2nd order partial derived functions. fxx ( x, y ) = 4 fyy ( x, y ) = 12y2 fxy ( x, y ) = -4 We now use a tabular array to analyze the marks of D and fxx ( a, B ) and utilize the above theorem to make up ones mind on whether a given critical point is a saddle point, comparative upper limit or lower limit. critical point ( a, B ) ( 0,0 ) ( 1,1 ) ( -1,1 ) fxx ( a, B ) 4 4 4 fyy ( a, B ) 0 12 12 fxy ( a, B ) -4 -4 -4 Calciferol -16 32 32 saddle point comparative lower limit comparative lower limit A three-dimensional graph of map degree Fahrenheit shows that degree Fahrenheit has two local lower limits at ( -1, -1,1 ) and ( 1,1,1 ) and one saddle point at ( 0,0,2 ) . Example 3: Determine the critical points and turn up any comparative lower limit, upper limit and saddle points of map degree Fahrenheits defined by degree Fahrenheit ( x, y ) = x4- y4+ 4xy . Solution to Example 3: First partial derived functions fxand fyare given by. fx ( x, y ) = 43+ 4y fy ( x, y ) = 4y3+ 4x We now solve the equations fy ( x, y ) = 0 and fx ( x, y ) = 0 to happen the critical points.. 43+ 4y = 0 4y3+ 4x = 0 The first equation gives y = x3. Combined with the 2nd equation, we obtain. 4 ( x3 ) 3+ 4x = 0 Which may be written as. ten ( x4- 1 ) ( x4+ 1 ) = 0 Which has the solutions. ten = 0, -1 and 1. We now use the equation Y = x3to find the critical points. ( 0, 0 ) , ( 1, 1 ) and ( -1, -1 ) We now determine the 2nd order partial derived functions. fxx ( x, y ) = -122 The First Derivative: Maxima and Minima See the map degree Fahrenheit ( x ) =3x4a?’4x3a?’122+3A on the interval [ a?’23 ] . We can non happen parts of which degree Fahrenheit is increasing or decreasing, comparative upper limit or lower limit, or the absolute upper limit or minimal value of degree Fahrenheit on [ a?’23 ] by review. Graphing by manus is boring and imprecise. Even the usage of a charting plan will merely give us an estimate for the locations and values of upper limit and lower limit. We can utilize the first derived function of degree Fahrenheit, nevertheless, to happen all these things rapidly and easy. Increasing or Decreasing? Let f be uninterrupted on an interval I and differentiable on the inside of I. If f ( x ) 0 for all xI, so degree Fahrenheit is increasing on I. If f ( x ) 0 for all xI, so degree Fahrenheit is diminishing on I. Example The map degree Fahrenheit ( x ) =3x4a?’4x3a?’122+3 has foremost derivative degree Fahrenheit ( x ) A =A =A =A 12x3a?’12x2a?’24xA 12x ( x2a?’xa?’2 ) A 12x ( x+1 ) ( xa?’2 ) A A Thus, degree Fahrenheit ( ten ) is increasing on ( a?’10 ) ( 2 ) and diminishing on ( a?’a?’1 ) ( 02 ) . Relative Maxima and Minima Relative extreme point of f occur at critical points of degree Fahrenheit, values x0 for which either degree Fahrenheit ( x0 ) =0 or degree Fahrenheit ( x0 ) is vague. First Derivative Trial Suppose degree Fahrenheit is uninterrupted at a critical point x0. If f ( x ) 0 on an unfastened interval widening left from x0 and degree Fahrenheit ( x ) 0 on an unfastened interval widening right from x0, so degree Fahrenheit has a comparative upper limit at x0. If f ( x ) 0 on an unfastened interval widening left from x0 and degree Fahrenheit ( x ) 0 on an unfastened interval widening right from x0, so degree Fahrenheit has a comparative lower limit at x0. If f ( ten ) has the same mark on both an unfastened interval widening left from x0 and an unfastened interval widening right from x0, so degree Fahrenheit does non hold a comparative extreme point at x0. In drumhead, comparative extreme point occur where degree Fahrenheit ( x ) changes mark. Example Our map degree Fahrenheit ( x ) =3x4a?’4x3a?’122+3 is differentiable everyplace on [ a?’23 ] , with degree Fahrenheit ( x ) =0 for x=a?’102. These are the three critical points of degree Fahrenheit on [ a?’23 ] . By the First Derivative Test, degree Fahrenheit has a comparative upper limit at x=0 and comparative lower limit at x=a?’1 and x=2. Absolute Maxima and Minima If f has an utmost value on an unfastened interval, so the utmost value occurs at a critical point of degree Fahrenheit. If f has an utmost value on a closed interval, so the utmost value occurs either at a critical point or at an end point. Harmonizing to the Extreme Value Theorem, if a map is uninterrupted on a closed interval, so it achieves both an absolute upper limit and an absolute lower limit on the interval. Example Since degree Fahrenheit ( x ) =3x4a?’4x3a?’122+3 is uninterrupted on [ a?’23 ] , degree Fahrenheit must hold an absolute upper limit and an absolute lower limit on [ a?’23 ] . We merely necessitate to look into the value of degree Fahrenheit at the critical points x=a?’102 and at the end points x=a?’2 and x=3: degree Fahrenheit ( a?’2 ) A degree Fahrenheit ( a?’1 ) A degree Fahrenheit ( 0 ) A degree Fahrenheit ( 2 ) A degree Fahrenheit ( 3 ) A =A =A =A =A =A 35A a?’2A 3A a?’29A 30A A Thus, on [ a?’23 ] , degree Fahrenheit ( x ) achieves a maximal value of 35 at x=a?’2 and a minimal value of -29 at x=2. We have discovered a batch about the form of degree Fahrenheit ( x ) =3x4a?’4x3a?’122+3 without of all time charting it! Now take a expression at the graph and verify each of our decisions. Application The footings upper limit and lower limit refer to extreme values of a map, that is, the upper limit and lower limit values that the map attains. Maximal means upper edge or largest possible measure. The absolute upper limit of a map is the largest figure contained in the scope of the map. That is, if f ( a ) is greater than or equal to f ( ten ) , for all x in the sphere of the map, so degree Fahrenheit ( a ) is the absolute upper limit. For illustration, the map degree Fahrenheit ( x ) = -162 + 32x + 6 has a maximal value of 22 happening at x = 1. Every value of x produces a value of the map that is less than or equal to 22, hence, 22 is an absolute upper limit. In footings of its graph, the absolute upper limit of a map is the value of the map that corresponds to the highest point on the graph. Conversely, lower limit agencies lower edge or least possible measure. The absolute lower limit of a map is the smallest figure in its scope and corresponds to the value of the map at the lo west point of its graph. If f ( a ) is less than or equal to f ( ten ) , for all x in the sphere of the map, so degree Fahrenheit ( a ) is an absolute lower limit. As an illustration, degree Fahrenheit ( x ) = 322 32x 6 has an absolute lower limit of -22, because every value of x produces a value greater than or equal to -22. In some instances, a map will hold no absolute upper limit or lower limit. For case the map degree Fahrenheit ( x ) = 1/x has no absolute upper limit value, nor does degree Fahrenheits ( ten ) = -1/x have an absolute lower limit. In still other instances, maps may hold comparative ( or local ) upper limit and lower limit. Relative means comparative to local or nearby values of the map. The footings relative upper limit and comparative lower limit refer to the largest, or least, value that a map takes on over some little part or interval of its sphere. Therefore, if f ( B ) is greater than or equal to f ( b A ± H ) for little values of H, so degree Fahrenheit ( B ) is a local upper limit ; if degree Fahrenheit ( B ) is less than or equal to f ( b A ± H ) , so degree Fahrenheit ( B ) is a comparative lower limit. For illustration, the map degree Fahrenheit ( x ) = x4 -123 582 + 180x + 225 has two comparative lower limit ( points A and C ) , one of which is besides the absolute low er limit ( indicate C ) of the map. It besides has a comparative upper limit ( point B ) , but no absolute upper limit. Finding the upper limit and lower limit, both absolute and comparative, of assorted maps represents an of import category of jobs solvable by usage of differential concretion. The theory behind happening maximal and minimal values of a map is based on the fact that the derived function of a map is equal to the incline of the tangent. When the values of a map addition as the value of the independent variable additions, the lines that are tangent to the graph of the map have positive incline, and the map is said to be increasing. Conversely, when the values of the map lessening with increasing values of the independent variable, the tangent lines have negative incline, and the map is said to be diminishing. Precisely at the point where the map alterations from increasing to diminishing or from diminishing to increasing, the tangent line is horizontal ( has slope 0 ) , and the derivative is zero. ( With mention to calculate 1, the map is diminishing to the left of point A, every bit goo d as between points B and C, and increasing between points A and B and to the right of point C ) . In order to happen maximal and minimal points, foremost happen the values of the independent variable for which the derived function of the map is zero, so replace them in the original map to obtain the corresponding upper limit or minimal values of the map. Second, inspect the behaviour of the derivative to the left and right of each point. If the derivative Figure 1. Illustration by Hans A ; Cassidy. Courtesy of Gale Group. is negative on the left and positive on the right, the point is a lower limit. If the derived function is positive on the left and negative on the right, the point is a maximal. Equivalently, find the 2nd derived function at each value of the independent variable that corresponds to a upper limit or lower limit ; if the 2nd derived function is positive, the point is a lower limit, if the 2nd derived function is negative the point is a maximal. A broad assortment of jobs can be solved by happening maximal or minimal values of maps. For illustration, say it is desired to maximise the country of a rectangle inscribed in a hemicycle. The country of the rectangle is given by A = 2xy. The hemicycle is given by x2 + y2 = r2, for Y a†°? 0, where R is the radius. To simplify the mathematics, note that A and A2 are both maximal for the same values of ten and Y, which occurs when the corner of the rectangle intersects the hemicycle, that is, when y2 = r2 x2. Therefore, we must happen a maximal value of the map A2 = 42 ( r2 -x2 ) = 4r2x2 44. The needed status is that the derivative be equal to zero, that is, vitamin D ( A2 ) /dx = 8r2x 163 = 0. This occurs when x = 0 or when ten = 1a?„2 ( R a?s +2 ) . Clearly the country is a maximal when x = 1a?„2 ( R a?s +2 ) . Substitution of this value into the equation of the hemicycle gives y = 1a?„2 ( R a?s +2 ) , that is, y = ten. Therefore, the maximal country of a r ectangle inscribed in a hemicycle is A = 2xy = r2. There are legion practical applications in which it is desired to happen the upper limit or minimal value of a peculiar measure. Such applications exist in economic sciences, concern, and technology. Many can be solved utilizing the methods of differential concretion described above. For illustration, in any fabrication concern it is normally possible to show net income as a map of the figure of units sold. Finding a upper limit for this map represents a straightforward manner of maximising net incomes. In other instances, the form of a container may be determined by minimising the sum of stuff required to fabricate it. The design of shrieking systems is frequently based on minimising force per unit area bead which in bend minimizes required pump sizes and reduces cost. The forms of steel beams are based on maximising strength. Finding upper limit or lower limit besides has of import applications in additive algebra and game theory. For illustration, additive programming consists of maximising ( or minimising ) a peculiar measure while necessitating that certain restraints be imposed on other measures. The measure to be maximized ( or minimized ) , every bit good as each of the restraints, is represented by an equation or inequality. The ensuing system of equations or inequalities, normally additive, frequently contains 100s or 1000s of variables. The thought is to happen the maximal value of a peculiar variable that represents a solution to the whole system. A practical illustration might be minimising the cost of bring forthing an car given certain known restraints on the cost of each portion, and the clip spent by each labourer, all of which may be mutualist. Regardless of the application, though, the cardinal measure in any upper limit or lower limit job is showing the job in mathematical footings. FINDING THE MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF THE FUNCTION WITH CONSTRAINED CONDITIOIN Lagrange s Method of Multipiers. Let F ( x, Y, omega ) and I ¦ ( x, Y, omega ) be maps defined over some part R of infinite. Find the points at which the map F ( x, Y, omega ) has maximums and lower limits subject to the side status I ¦ ( x, Y, omega ) = 0. Lagrange s method for work outing this job consists of organizing a 3rd map G ( x, Y, omega ) given by 17 ) A A A A A A G ( x, Y, omega ) = F ( x, Y, omega ) + I »I ¦ ( x, Y, omega ) , where I » is a changeless ( i.e. a parametric quantity ) to which we will subsequently delegate a value, and so happening the upper limit and lower limit of the map G ( x, Y, omega ) . A reader might rapidly inquire, Of what involvement are the upper limit and lower limit of the map G ( x, Y, omega ) ? How does this assist us work out the job of happening the upper limit and lower limit of F ( x, Y, omega ) ? The reply is that scrutiny of 17 ) shows that for those points matching to the solution set of I ¦ ( x, Y, omega ) = 0 the map G ( x, Y, omega ) is equal to the map F ( x, Y, omega ) since at those points equation 17 ) becomes A A A A A A A A A A A A G ( x, Y, omega ) = F ( x, Y, omega ) + I »I†¡0. Therefore, for the points on the surface I ¦ ( x, Y, omega ) = 0, maps F and G are equal so the upper limit and lower limit of G are besides the upper limit and lower limit of F. The process for happening the upper limit and lower limit of G ( x, Y, omega ) is as follows: We regard G ( x, Y, omega ) as a map of three independent variables and compose down the necessary conditions for a stationary point utilizing 1 ) above: 18 ) A A A A A A F1 + I »I ¦1 = 0A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A F2 + I »I ¦2 = 0A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A F3 + I »I ¦3 = 0 We so work out these three equations along with the equation of restraint I ¦ ( x, Y, omega ) = 0 to happen the values of the four measures x, Y, omega, I » . More than one point can be found in this manner and this will give us the locations of the stationary points. The upper limit and lower limit will be among the stationary points therefore found. Let us now observe something. If equations 18 ) are to keep at the same time, so it follows from the tierce of them that I » must hold the value A A A A A A A A A A A A If we substitute this value of I » into the first two equations of 18 ) we obtain A A A A A A A A A A A A F1I ¦3 F3I ¦1 = 0A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A F2I ¦3 F3I ¦2 = 0A or A We note that the two equations of 19 ) are identically the same conditions as 8 ) above for the old method. Therefore utilizing equations 19 ) along with the equation of restraint I ¦ ( x, Y, omega ) = 0 is precisely the same process as the old method in which we used equations 8 ) and the same restraint. One of the great advantages of Lagrange s method over the method of inexplicit maps or the method of direct riddance is that it enables us to avoid doing a pick of independent variables. This is sometimes really of import ; it permits the keeping of symmetricalness in a job where the variables enter symmetrically at the beginning. Lagrange s method can be used with maps of any figure of variables and any figure of restraints ( smaller than the figure of variables ) . In general, given a map F ( x1, x2, , xn ) of n variables and h side conditions I ¦1 = 0, I ¦2 = 0, . , I ¦h = 0, for which this map may hold a upper limit or lower limit, equate to zero the partial derived functions of the subsidiary map F + I »1I ¦1 + I »2I ¦2 + + I »hI ¦h with regard to x1, x2, , xn, sing I »1, I »2, .. , I »h as invariables, and work out these n equations at the same time with the given h side conditions, handling the I » s as terra incognitas to be eliminated. The parametric quantity I » in Lagrange s method is called Lagrange s multiplier.

Free Essays on Aging

Although the term â€Å"aging† might conjure up only a few wrinkles in one’s mental imagery, there is much more to aging than the physical aspects. There are four different types of aging discussed in the text: chronological, biological, psychological, and social aging. There is a necessary distinction between these categories of aging. They are unique in the description (i.e. 70 years of age, wrinkled skin, Alzheimer’s disease, a senior citizen, etc.), but related because these descriptions determine the â€Å"age† of an individual. Chronological age describes the years that have passed since the individual was born. A 60 year old, was born 60 years ago and is therefore chronologically older than a 30 year old who was born 30 years ago. There are certain expectations that come from being a certain chronological age such as your physical appearance. Although there are exceptions, one could easily guess an individual’s age (within 10 years) just by their physical appearance. Biological age describes the physical â€Å"wellness† of the individual. As a person ages, certain physical changes occur. Organs deteriorate and certain organ cells cease to replicate. The conditions of most organs are consistent with the chronological age of the individual, with the exception of individuals who overuse certain organs (i.e. an alcoholic’s liver). Psychological aging refers to the deterioration of an individual’s sensory and perceptual processes, mental functioning, adaptive capacity, and personality (Hooyman and Kiyak, 2002). This covers a very wide range of functions such as speech and even intellect. Certain mental disorders are consistent with a certain age group. One would find it typical for an elderly person (70 or older) to experience Alzheimer’s disease, but would find it atypical for a 20 year old to experience Alzheimer’s disease. Social aging refers to an individual’s changing roles and relationships with t... Free Essays on Aging Free Essays on Aging Although the term â€Å"aging† might conjure up only a few wrinkles in one’s mental imagery, there is much more to aging than the physical aspects. There are four different types of aging discussed in the text: chronological, biological, psychological, and social aging. There is a necessary distinction between these categories of aging. They are unique in the description (i.e. 70 years of age, wrinkled skin, Alzheimer’s disease, a senior citizen, etc.), but related because these descriptions determine the â€Å"age† of an individual. Chronological age describes the years that have passed since the individual was born. A 60 year old, was born 60 years ago and is therefore chronologically older than a 30 year old who was born 30 years ago. There are certain expectations that come from being a certain chronological age such as your physical appearance. Although there are exceptions, one could easily guess an individual’s age (within 10 years) just by their physical appearance. Biological age describes the physical â€Å"wellness† of the individual. As a person ages, certain physical changes occur. Organs deteriorate and certain organ cells cease to replicate. The conditions of most organs are consistent with the chronological age of the individual, with the exception of individuals who overuse certain organs (i.e. an alcoholic’s liver). Psychological aging refers to the deterioration of an individual’s sensory and perceptual processes, mental functioning, adaptive capacity, and personality (Hooyman and Kiyak, 2002). This covers a very wide range of functions such as speech and even intellect. Certain mental disorders are consistent with a certain age group. One would find it typical for an elderly person (70 or older) to experience Alzheimer’s disease, but would find it atypical for a 20 year old to experience Alzheimer’s disease. Social aging refers to an individual’s changing roles and relationships with t...

Affect vs. Effect

Affect vs. Effect Affect vs. Effect Affect vs. Effect By Mark Nichol Among the pairs of words writers often confuse, affect and effect might be the most perplexing, perhaps because their meanings are so similar. Affect, derived from affectus, from the Latin word afficere, â€Å"to do something to, act on,† is easily conflated with effect, borrowed from Anglo-French, ultimately stemming from the Latin word effectus, from efficere, â€Å"to bring about.† Whats the difference between affect and effect? Affect is usually a verb, meaning to influence or act upon. Example: The loss of his father affected him profoundly. Effect is usually a noun, meaning the result of an action. Example: What will be the effect of closing Main Street? Below you will find less common meanings and related or derivative words. Affect The various senses of affect, each followed by a sentence demonstrating them, follow: A noun meaning â€Å"mental state†: â€Å"In his report, the psychiatrist, noting his lack of expression or other signs of emotion, described his affect as flat.† A verb meaning â€Å"to produce an effect, to influence†: â€Å"I knew that my opinion would affect her choice, so I deliberately withheld it.† A verb meaning â€Å"to pretend† or â€Å"to put on†: â€Å"She tried to affect an air of nonchalance, though she was visibly agitated.† Words with affect as the root, followed by their use in a sentence, include the following: Affectation: A noun meaning â€Å"self-conscious behavior†: â€Å"The girl’s affectation of sophisticated maturity was undercut by the relentless snapping of her chewing gum.† Affection: A noun meaning â€Å"kind or loving emotion†: â€Å"Her grandfather’s deep affection for her was obvious in his heartwarming smile.† Disaffected: An adjective meaning â€Å"discontented, rebellious†: â€Å"Disaffected youth dismayed by the poor job market and the larger issue of a society that does not seem to value them have been joining the protest movement in ever greater numbers.† (This word is a case of an antonym that has outlived the original term from which it was derived in counterpoint; writers and speakers no longer express, in the sense of â€Å"favorably disposed,† that a person is affected.) Unaffected: An adjective with two distinct senses: the literal meaning of â€Å"not influenced or altered† (â€Å"They seemed disturbingly unaffected by the tragic news†) and the surprisingly older, figurative meaning â€Å"genuine† (â€Å"The youth’s candid, unaffected demeanor appealed to her after the stilted arrogance of her many suitors†). Effect The various senses of effect, each followed by a sentence demonstrating them, follow: A noun meaning â€Å"the result of a cause†: â€Å"The effect of the lopsided vote was a loss of confidence in the chairman.† A noun meaning â€Å"an impression†: â€Å"The soft, gentle tone has a calming effect.† A noun, usually in plural form, meaning â€Å"personal property, possession†: â€Å"Among the effects found in the deceased man’s pockets was a small book with his name self-inscribed.† A verb meaning â€Å"to accomplish†: â€Å"His newfound sense of responsibility effected a positive change in her attitude toward him.† Words with effect as the root, followed by their use in a sentence, include the following: Aftereffect: A noun, usually in plural form, meaning â€Å"something that follows a cause†: â€Å"The aftereffects of the decision are still being felt years later.† Effective: An adjective meaning â€Å"successful†: â€Å"The insect repellent was effective at keeping the mosquitoes at bay, which made for a pleasant outing.† Effectual: An adjective meaning â€Å"able to produce a desired effect†: â€Å"Our conclusion is that mediation is an effectual strategy for obtaining a mutually satisfying outcome.† The noun efficiency and the adjective efficient, though not based on the root effect, share its etymological origin and mean, respectively, â€Å"productivity† and â€Å"productive† in the sense of accomplishing something with a minimum of effort in relation to outcome. Efficacy (â€Å"the power to produce a desired effect†) and efficacious (â€Å"able to produce a desired effect†) are also related. Another, unexpected word of related origin is feckless (â€Å"weak, worthless†), which is rare and has lost its antonym, feckful, through long disuse. Feck is a shortened form of effect developed in Scottish English. Quotations from newspapers Tariff winners and losers: How Trumps trade spat could affect shoppers. President Trumps imposition of tariffs on imported (www.usatoday.com) 405,000 years, gravitational tugs from the planets Jupiter and Venus gradually affect Earths climate and life forms, according to a new study. (www.usatoday.com) he says. â€Å"You can eat as much as you like, you can slob about, you can drink as much alcohol as you like – the effect is very modest compared with these other two factors.† Human beings are biologically engineered for (www.theguardian.com) European Union tariffs take effect in Trump fight: How they will hit American productsThe Europe (www.usatoday.com) Video Recap A Quick and Easy Way to Know Whether to Use Affect or Effect Remember, a general rule of thumb is that â€Å"affect† is usually a verb (a â€Å"doing word†) and â€Å"effect† is usually a noun (something you can put â€Å"the† in front of). This doesn’t apply all the time, of course – as we’ve seen above, there are lots of ways in which the words â€Å"effect† and â€Å"affect† can be used. It’s a good place to begin, though, if you’re unsure which you want. Here’s a sample sentence: I don’t think this will [affect/effect] the budget. Which word, affect or effect, is correct? An easy way to figure this out is to replace â€Å"affect† with the verb â€Å"alter† and see if the sentence works: I don’t think this will alter the budget. Yes – it still makes sense, so â€Å"affect† is the word you want. Here’s another sentence: We haven’t yet experienced the full [affect/effect] of climate change. Can we use â€Å"affect† here? Try replacing it with â€Å"alter†: We haven’t yet experienced the full alter of climate change. No, that doesn’t make sense at all. How about â€Å"effect†? Try replacing that with the noun â€Å"end result†: We haven’t yet experienced the full end result of climate changes. It’s a slightly inelegant sentence – but it does work grammatically. So â€Å"effect† is the word you want here. This rule won’t work for every single situation, but in most cases, it’ll help you quickly select the word that you want. What About Affect as a Noun and Effect as a Verb? It’s fairly rare to come across â€Å"affect† used as a noun: as we saw above, when it is used in this way, it means â€Å"mental state†. You might encounter it in some older works or fairly scientific ones about psychiatry. It’s a little more common to come across â€Å"effect† used as a verb, though this is still fairly rare and it can seem a little old-fashioned in this context. It’s used to mean â€Å"brought about† or â€Å"accomplished† – e.g. â€Å"The rapid changes she made after she got the job effected a complete turnaround in the company’s financial position.† In any case where you’re uncertain, though, it’s likely that affect is a verb (replace it with â€Å"alter† to check) and effect is a noun (replace it with â€Å"end result† to check). Affect vs Effect Quiz For each sentence, select which word should be used: 1. The budget cuts will inevitably [affect/effect] our department. affect effect 2. The [affect/effect] of getting up early is that you can make a great start on the day before most people are out of bed. effect affect 3. Smoking will seriously [affect/effect] your health. affect effect 4. Many people find that regular exercise has a positive [affect/effect] on their mental health. effect affect Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About Hands"Owing to" vs "Due to"50 Tips on How to Write Good

Identify barriers to cultural competence and note ways that the nurse Research Paper

Identify barriers to cultural competence and note ways that the nurse can improve the nurse-patient and nurse-family relationshi - Research Paper Example The process of learning the traits of the local culture starts right from birth. As they grow up, nurses assimilate into their indigenous culture that can have a profound effect on the way they interact with the patients as well as the way they operate in the health care system. Cultural competence essentially means the ability to deal with the differences of beliefs, opinions, values, and practices grounded in cultural differences in an articular manner so that the quality of work is enhanced and conflicts are deterred. Barriers to cultural competence of nurses include but are not limited to discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping, racism, lack of awareness, and lack of language proficiency. Certain barriers are overtly noticeable such as lack of language competency because the nurse cannot communicate with the other person while other barriers are hidden such as lack of awareness of the belief systems of different cultures. In certain situations, nurses display a lack of sensitivit y even without any intention to offend the other person. This lack of sensitivity is grounded in nurses’ lack of awareness of the different sets of beliefs and norms that comprise different cultures. ... Although it is very difficult to fully master the values of different cultures, it should be understood that good manners are appreciated and interpreted as symbols of respect in almost every culture. Simple steps like asking the patients how their day has been and asking them by what name or title do they want to be addressed inculcates respect in the hearts of the patients and coworkers for the nurses. In order to develop cultural competence, it is imperative that nurses acknowledge the existence of a variety of belief systems in the society. There are times when others’ health care practices appear meaningless or strange. Nurses might find others’ beliefs about the health care services in their country difficulty to understand. While it is not required of a nurse to fully understand the whole variety of belief systems of their patients, yet nurses need to have respect for them. Nurses should avoid making assumptions about the beliefs of people from different cultures if they are not familiar with the values of those cultures. â€Å"Cultural competence is obtaining cultural information and then applying that knowledge† (Culturaldiversity.org, 2012). In light of this definition of cultural competence, it is more advisable for the nurses to ask those individuals very thoughtfully and professionally how things are done in their culture, if necessary. The nurses need to try to find out the level of awareness in the patients about their health problems, methods of treatment, and the expected outcomes. Nurses should display respect for the support groups of the patients as well that may include anybody ranging from family members to religious leaders. Cultural competence is one of the most

Market Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Research - Essay Example The product being launched is that of a rival company to Microsoft, Apple; therefore the paper entails a detailed analysis of the major areas that can be utilized to overcome the market power of Microsoft and promote the sale of the new product. Marketing Research: Competing Company and Product SWOT Analysis for the Launch of a New Product When a company conducts a SWOT analysis, it does not mean that it is in a state of crisis, but this is only a measure designed to understand whether it is suitable or not. It is usually conducted in the wake of a company’s launch of new major projects and business undertaking the organization wishes to embark on (Cleland & Ireland, 2007). To launch a new product, the organization has to conduct a detailed analysis of its current position so as to determine the means with which the launching of the project can be addressed based on the findings. Microsoft Corporation (SWOT Analysis) Strengths First, Microsoft has the advantage of being popula r as the largest software company usually associated with software and hardware products that are highly innovative. This is displayed by the presence of more than 500 offices in 160 countries (Drucker, 2007). Secondly, the basic operating systems used globally are Windows 7, Vista and XP accompanied by suitable products such as Microsoft Word, Excel and Access among others. These offer the company a competitive advantage via the ease of integrating the products and setting of standard prizes for their standardized products (Hafner & Hibbert, 2001). Another major strength of Microsoft is the nature of rapid development of products and provision of timely updates as well as its strong, flexible and elevated quality of its staff. One of the other strengths of Microsoft PCs is the size. The design of its tablets and laptops makes them easier for portability and they are widely spread globally (Hafner & Hibbert, 2001). Weaknesses One major weakness of Microsoft is its failure to articul ate the growth of its products, thus being overtaken by competitors with respect to productions. Similarly, the products are usually sold with an assumption that the customer is running a Microsoft operating system (OS) for its compatibility which has resulted in declining sales of the OSs and server software (Hafner & Hibbert, 2001). In addition, employee exhaustion is evident owing to intense deadlines for products and their launching. As Drucker (2007) reports, Microsoft is characterized by recurrent restructuring, many rules and regulations with a domineering atmosphere that causes employee morale to reduce and sometimes loss of instrumental employees. This slows down the company’s innovative process. Microsoft has been dormant in the Internet space up to the time MSN was released although it still faces tough competition from Yahoo. With the increased consumer demand of the products, there has been limited human resource to deal with these needs in good time. Opportuniti es Microsoft has the opportunity of having access to cheaper international telecommunication and new markets since many people around the world are connected to the Internet (Drucker, 2007). With the demand for personal computers (PCs) and software components increasing worldwide, despite the market being flooded by attractive handheld devices, Microsoft can still produce more and increase their sales. Finally, Microsoft has

Racial and Ethnic Identity and the feelings of Acceptance and Belongingness Essay Example for Free

Racial and Ethnic Identity and the feelings of Acceptance and Belongingness Essay Ethnicity generally refers to a person’s affiliation with a particular ethnic group, or to their sharing qualities, characteristics or customs of that ethnic group. Ethnic identity, on the other hand, has been linked to the sense of belongingness and identification of an individual within a cultural group. The first use of ethnic identity in 1896 by French nationalist and scientist, George Vacher de la Pouge, was synonymous with racial identity which means the â€Å"natural and counterfeit cultural, psychological and social characteristics of a population. † (Timble) According to Smith, â€Å"Ethnic identity is the sum total of group member feelings about those values, symbols, and common histories that identify them as a distinct groupâ€Å" (Smith, 1991) Charlesworth (2000) maintained ethnic identity development to be an essential human need that provided a sense of belonging and historical continuity and created a foundation on which to build a concept of self. On the other hand, Tajfel (1981) described ethnic identity as part of an individual’s self-concept developed from knowledge of membership in a cultural group and the value or emotional significance attached to that membership. However, moving to another community with different culture and ethnicity, like in the case of migration, compromises the maintenance or preservation of ethnicity in relation to the individual’s belongingness to the majority. Parents of the next generation strengthen ethnic identity development of their children by ethnic socialization. Ethnic socialization consists of three themes: 1) understanding ones own culture, 2) getting along in mainstream society, and 3) dealing with racism. (Steinberg, 1996) Racism and racial discrimination has long been a concern of the immigrants and their descendants. The inherent characteristics like skin color, language, religion are parameters in racial identity which sometimes lead to racial discrimination. Belongingness sometimes adapts the adage â€Å"When in Rome, do as the Romans do† which lose their own self-identity and ethnic identity. Maintenance and preservation of ethnicity and original culture is subjected to a strong pressure of the host country’s culture. For example, language is an important issue for the immigrants. The influence of the communication speeds up to learn the host language that previously, the adaptation of language is in the third generation, now the trend is in the children of immigrants. The growing population and influx of immigrants face debates regarding complex issues which dictate acceptance and belongingness of the immigrants to the host country. Prejudice and discrimination may be directed toward an immigrant’s status as a newcomer as well as against his or her ethnicity or race. In Europe, there is a growing concern on how the immigrants affect their culture and national identity which comes with common language, heritage and ethnicity. (Cohen, 2000) Further queries have been raised whether or not to absorb the immigrants and allow them to participate in their national activities or to allow them to become their citizen without the thorough knowledge of their culture and heritage. During elections, opposition to immigration is always an issue in some countries like Britain, Switzerland, Denmark, Italy and Sweden. (Cohen, 2000) Immigrants in some countries are also subjects of distrusts and fear. Opposition to immigrants often claims that immigrants have something to do with crimes and unemployment, if not low-wage jobs. Racial discrimination tends to set in which affects the acceptance of immigrants to the host country and if not properly addressed to by the government will give negative effect to both the immigrants and the host country. Ethnic discrimination was identified by Garbarino (1999) to be one of the risk factors that contributed to youth violence. Rejection and estrangement from the macroculture experienced by many children significantly contributes to acts of violence. Consequently, immigration issues become the central topic for studies of different researchers and sociologists to minimize conflicts. (Garbarino, 1999) There have been clamor that immigrants are linked with social crimes in the host countries. This was contradicted by some researchers who conducted related studies. Based on the studies in Little Village conducted by the Harvard sociologist Robert J. Sampson, having high number of immigrants does not mean high number of crime. Though Little Village is poor, a relatively low incidence of violence is recorded. (Eval Press, 2006) At least, inacceptance and prejudices to immigrants and their children will lessen a bit by the findings of the researchers done by these sociologists.

Benjamin Jerome Cayetano :: Essays Papers

Benjamin Jerome Cayetano "†¦ No matter what kind of origin you have, you can succeed and rise to unprecedented. The American dream is still alive, but it definitely takes hard work and a lot of luck." This is a statement of Benjamin Cayetano when he was asked to give encouraging words to other Filipino American politicians. A lot of luck and fortune and hard work played a role in the life of Benjamin Cayetano, who is the first governor in the United States who is of Filipino ancestry. Governor Cayetano is today's highest-ranking Filipino American in government office. Born on November 14, 1939 in Honolulu, Hawaii, Benjamin Jerome Cayetano was the son of Bonifacio Marcos Cayetano, who migrated from Urdaneta, Pangasinan to Hawaii in 1928 as a part of the first wave of Philippine laborers to work at the sugar cane plantations. At the age of 6, his father and his mother Eleanor divorced, leaving him and his 4 year old brother to take care of themselves on a latchkey existence, while his father went to work as a waiter. As a child, Cayetano grew up in the Kalihi District of Honolulu, a working class community dominated by a diverse group of immigrant families, such as Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos. The Kalihi District is an environment where manliness and superiority were measured by one's ability to settle disputes by the use of violence rather than intellectual dialogues. Early childhood experiences in the Kalihi district were major influences to Cayetano's adulthood as he later became a feisty but effective lawyer. Benjamin Cayetano graduated from Farrington High School in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1968. After graduation at the age of 18, Cayetano married his high school sweetheart, Lorraine Gueco, who according to him was "a major influence in his rise from a life of want to a life of means and power." A year later, when his first son Brandon was born, he was forced to worked a series of blue-collar jobs. In this period of hardship, Cayetano worked as a metal packer in a junkyard, followed by other jobs as a truck driver, gas station attendant, rodman, apprentice electrician, and finally as a draftsman with Hawaii's Department of Transportation.

Conventional Shopping vs Online Shopping Essay

On-Line Shopping Vs Traditional Shopping The advent of the Internet has had an impact in our lives in all sorts of ways such as in the manner in which we communicate, flirt, date, and most importantly, how we shop. While even in the recent past the thought of whether some day one would be able to buy an Armani outfit wearing pajamas while looking after the needs of a couple of toddlers would have seemed an outlandish idea, thanks to the increasing sophistication of the technology of the 21st century, practically everything is virtually possible, and shopping from the comfort of one’s home has become a part of most people’s daily lives. When retailing on the web started, sometime in the middle to the late 1990s, it gave rise to the debate which is still ongoing, about online vs. traditional shopping. And even though shopping centres are still being thronged by shoppers, just as they do on the Internet, the question still remains – Whether online shopping will conquer all, or if traditional shopping will survive this increasing onslaught of e-shopping? In order to study this, let’s examine a few pros and cons of online vs. traditional shopping: Advantages of Online Shopping Internet has revolutionized the way we do our Shopping. Because of the numerous Advantages and Benefits of Shopping Online more and more people these days prefer Online Shopping over conventional shopping. Given below are my Top 10 Reasons for Buying Online. 1. Convenience: The convenience of this method of shopping is the best advantage liked by many people. Where else can one do shopping even a midnight wearing his/her night suit? one do not have to wait in a line or wait till the shop assistant is ready to help him/her with purchases. One can do shopping in minutes even if one is busy apart from saving time and avoiding crowds. Online shops give us the opportunity to shop 24 x 7 and also reward us with a ‘no pollution’ shopping. There is no better place to buy information products like e-books. Immediately after the payment is made one can download the information. And downloadable items purchased online eliminate the need for any kind of material goods at all. 2. Better Prices: Another thing which fascinates most customers is the cheap deals and better prices they get from online stores because products come to them direct from the manufacturer or seller without middlemen involved. Many online shops offer discount coupon s and rebates. Apart from this, the Online Store is only required to collect sales tax if they have a physical location in our state even if we buy from a store across the world. 3. Variety: The choices one can get for products are amazing. Read more: Essay About  Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping One can get several brands and products from different sellers at one place. You can get in on the latest international trends without spending money on airfare. When you shop online, you can shop from retailers in other parts of the country or even the world without being limited by geographic area. These stores offer a far greater selection of colors and sizes than you will find locally. Apart from that, How many times have it happened that you spend your money reaching a local shop only to find that the product you need is out of stock? Some online shops have a provision to accept orders without stock and ship it across to you when the stock becomes available. You also have the option of taking your business to another online store where the product is available. 4. Send Gifts: Online Shopping makes sending gifts to relatives and friends easy, no matter where ever they stay. Now there is no need of making distance an excuse for not sending a gift on occasions like Birthday, Weddin g Anniversary, Marriage, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day etc. 5. Fewer Expenses: Many times when we opt for conventional shopping we tend to spend a lot more than the required shopping expenses on things like eating out, traveling, impulsive shopping etc. 6. Comparison of Prices: Online shops make comparison and research of products and prices possible. Online stores also give you the ability to share information and reviews with other shoppers who have firsthand experience with a product or retailer. 7. Crowds: Many customers would like to avoid the crowds when they do the shopping. Especially during Festivals and Special events the crowds can really give a headache. Crowds force us to do a hurried shopping most of the time. Crowds also create a problem when it comes to finding a parking place nearby where you want to shop and going back to your vehicle later loaded with shopping bags. 8. Compulsive Shopping: Many times when we go out on Shopping we end up buying things which we do not require because of the shop keepers up selling skills. Sometimes we even compromise on our choices because of the lack of choices in those shops. 9. Buying Old or unused Stuff at low prices: Online Shops make it possible for us to buy old or unused stuff at rock bottom prices. If we want to buy antiques there is no better options than online stores. 10. Discreet Purchases: Some things are better done in privacy. Online shops are also best for discreet purchases like adult toys, sexy lingerie and so on. Online Shops enable me to purchase under garments and lingerie without the embarrassment that there are several people watching me and my choices. Disadvantages of online shopping The craze of online shopping has picked up quite significantly in the last decade and online sellers are expected to improve their share of purchases for years to come. There is no doubt that one can find great deals online and so many different brands which may not be even available in regular stores, even shopping malls. Despite of all the hype, there are certain disadvantages of online shopping. 1. One Do Not Physically See The Items: Normally when we shop from a regular store, we can see the item and at least visually inspect that it looks fine. You can select a color, size and can even speak to a sales person to clarify doubts regarding an item. The biggest disadvantage of online shopping is we do not physically see the item till it arrives. May be you have seen it in the nearby mall but there is a possibility that the particular piece you have ordered may be defective. Misinterpretation or misunderstanding of items bought online is a common problem. Usually the photo of items y ou see online are much better than once you have the item in front of you 2. Wait For The Items To Arrive: Once one place you order the waiting game starts. One has to wait for a few days for the item to arrive which can be quite frustrating. Most experts believe that we are most excited about your â€Å"buy† in the first few days, so by the time your item arrives you will most likely be less excited then getting the item on same day you made the payment 3. Chances Of Mishandling While Shipping / Delivery Risks: What if the item you are expecting never arrives, you will be lost in a series of phone calls to the seller and the courier company. What if you are not at home during the time of delivery and the courier company leaves the package on your door and a passerby decides to steal it? What if the shipping company broke your stuff and you realize it after opening it when the courier man has already gone away. The seller might claim that you broke it. 4. Shipping Charges: Only a few sites offer free shipping, some others will ship for free only if your total purchase price exceeds a certain amount. Shipping fee is often a big dis couragement for online shoppers. 5. Returning Merchandise: Even if the seller agrees to take back the defective merchandise, you often have to pay the cost of shipping it back. Additionally you have to call and convince the people regarding the reason of your return. Some good sites do have excellent return policy, but not everyone. 6. Online Security: Making payments online is usually safe but not always. There may be sites which are not secure or do not encrypt your personal credit card data, so if a hacker breaks in their system, your personal data can be compromised. 7. Risk Of Online Fraud: Some people pretend selling items at a very cheap price and often send you a low quality, opened or refurbished item, in other cases the site may shut down unexpectedly, leaving lot of customers who might have already paid for the item but did not receive anything. Shopping online can also take you to phishing sites which want to defraud you. 8. Timezone Difference: In countries like USA there are various time zones and the customer service hours of the online shopping site may be different from your time zone, making it difficult for you to get in touch with a human when you need help. 9. Sales Tax: Although an online shopping site may not charge you a sales tax during the purchase, you are legally obliged to pay taxes when you file annual taxes (assuming you live in a taxable state). Most people are able to get by, but in case of a scrutiny not paying sales tax on online purchases may become an issue. 10. A Dull Shopping Experience: Many customers enjoy going to a mall or just the nearby bazaar and enjoy the ambiance and feel more social among other people. Online shopping can be boring for many and make you feel like a loner. 11. Restocking Fee: Most online stores have a restocking fee, specially on electronic items. Items that you buy in a store, can be opened within the store in front of an associate after purchase, and if there is an obvious defect you can return/exchange it without paying a restocking fee which is usually between 10 to 20 percent. 12. Spyware On Your Computer: Having a virus or a spyware is not the sellers fault but there is a risk of your personal data / credit card information, to be stolen right from your own computer. 13. Knowledge Of Operating A Computer: Older people in particular are not comfortable operating computer and they will never purchase online because of the same reason. 14. Deal Hunting Can Be Frustrating: It is common that the price of items are different on different sites. Some people find excitement in finding good deals online while others hate to check various sites to find the best price. Also online shopping can often become addictive. 15. Online Connectivity Issues: You add items in your online shopping cart, enter your credit card information and press â€Å"submit†. What if the confirmation screen times out due to connectivity issues. You do not know if the order went through correctly or not. Many people refresh the screen and little do they know that it may cause double billing / double ordering. 16. One Cannot Buy Low Priced Or Perishable Items On The Web: Small items like pencil, eraser, socks, water bottles etc.. are low priced items and shipping them will likely double the cost. You will always have to depend on regular stores for them. Similarly items like milk, fruits and vegetables are perishable items and cannot be ordered online. 17. One Cannot Buy Items That He/She Need ‘Right Now’: Disadvantage of online shopping includes inability of getting items in your possession quickly. Most good internet sites have taken adequate measures to overcome most of these disadvantages. An intelligent online shopper knows a lot more than a novice. Both regular stores and online shopping have advantages and disadvantages of their own. However, traditional shopping does have certain plus points. Immediate gratification that local brick and mortar shops provide is still liked by many people. If you want something right away, just now, getting it from a retail store is the only option. Seeing and touching a product is also an important factor for many people when they buy things. For example, most people would not buy a piece of expensive jewellery only on the basis of a picture on a website. The chances are slim for the Internet to capture a share of the market of industries which are more suitable for traditional shopping. While consumers can carry out research online for high priced items like properties and cars, people usually want to see the piece of real estate or visit a car showroom and test drive a car before finalizing a deal. A traditional retailer bestows the personalized human contact which is not available on the Internet. Besides, for many people shopping is a source of entertainment, almost a social rite. People like to handle things, especially clothes, feel the texture, and try them on to see how they look in them. For Our Study We took * Myntra was established by Mukesh Bansal, Ashutosh Lawania and Vineet Saxena in February 2007. Myntra’s headquarter is in Bangalore, with regional offices in New Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai. * In 2010, the company shifted its strategy to becoming a B2C (business to customer) oriented firm, expanding its catalogue to fashion and lifestyle products. * Myntra.com is ranked among the top 10 e-commerce companies in India . In the last 3 years, Myntra has become the most popular destination for personalized products in the country. * Products :- * Men, Women, Kids Clothing * It Has About 20,000+ Styles, 350+ Brands and Counting! * It has the largest collection of the latest fashion and lifestyle products in India! * Myntra has tied up with top fashion and lifestyle brands in india, such as nike, reebok, puma, adidas, asics, lee, lotto, decathlon, fifa, john miller, indigo nation etc. * To offer a wide range of current season merchandise from these brands. Myntra currently offers products from more than 200 indian and international brands. These include shoes for running, tennis, football, basketball and fitness, along with casual footwear from world-renowned industry leaders like * There are also casual and dressy footwear for women from catwalk, carlton london and red tape to name a few. * Capabilities * Order processing and delivery: myntra attempts to order and ship every order within 24 hrs.it offers free shipping within india on all products it can ship internationally to all major countries. * Technological: myntra maintains its website which provides the only means by which a customer can make a purchase. * To maintain, upgrade and improve the website and the user experience, myntra employees many computer science engineers and experienced professionals. * Marketing: * Myntra has successfully used social networking websites facebook and twitter to expand its customer base. * Myntra positions itself as a fashionable new age brand. It launches major marketing campaigns every year. In february 2012, myntra rolled out an ooh (out of home) campaign across 2 cities to build brand awareness and promote online shopping. * Myntra has used mostly viral marketing and internet for its popularity coupled with occasional discounts and referral discounts. It can be given a rating of 3/5. * Revenue Model Myntra.com is an aggregator of many brands. Its business model is based on procuring current season merchandise from various brands and making them available on the portal at the same time as in respective retail brand outlets. All these products are offered to customers on mrp. It is a business to customer (b to c) revenue model. * Competitive Advantage * Competitive advantage in any e-commerce business can be due to a cost leadership or product differentiation or both. * In the case of Myntra the competitive advantage is mostly due to cost leadership * In special cases it also enjoys competitive advantage due to product differentiation. In case of IPL t- shirts the buyer can get his/her name imprinted on it. Also Myntra’s business model up till 2009 was of customized t-shirts and mugs etc which allowed it to have product differentiation. Recommendations When buying from online stores make sure to check out the following. * Does the online store value your privacy and confidentiality? Is their privacy policy available to read if you want to see it? * How long have they been in business? Are they reputed in business with great reviews from customers? * Does the online store have a way to contact them? * If you’re unhappy with your purchase, do they have a refund policy? If one take care of the above, Online shopping can be a very rewarding experience. Conclusion We think online shopping is great. We have grown an increase interest in doing most of our shopping online because of its convenience, no rush, and because you view everything in one place. The internet is can be shopping mall! However we think that there are items where traditional shopping has an edge over the online shopping. For example- while buying furniture like sofa, the feel of the sofa is very important. In traditional shopping one can come to the store and sit on the sofas to see if they like them or not. Many people are pickier than others and seeing the furniture online may seem like a good idea to them at first, but then they receive it and it’s a big disaster. Now, add the frustration of exchange/returns on a sofa you’re not happy with spells bigger disaster! we think that’s the only drawback. Other than that, online shopping is fun, convenient way to shop. Our only advice is be safe, be smart and make sure buying is done from a reputable website.

Characters and Plot in the Black Gold Essay

It is not so frequent to find a novel written with an animal as the main character and the story revolving primarily around him. Nevertheless, there are writers like Marguerite Henry who writes animal stories with so much fascination and passion, one of which is the Black Gold. It was based on true-to-life experiences set during the early 1990s in Oklahoma and Kentucky. Mixing her vast knowledge about the topic and her creative talent in writing, Marguerite Henry was able to weave a story with extraordinary characters confronted with extraordinary conflicts. Brief Summary The story evolved in the story of a colt named Black Gold, following his adventures being a race horse. He was regarded by many as weak and not good in racing since he possesses a smaller body compared to other horses. But through the help of his trainer Hanley Webb and rider Jaydee Mooney, the colt started to win and finally gained victory in the Kentucky Derby. His success continued to flourish until he got injured in one of the races he joined. His leg got a quarter crack. Eventually, the colt died. Black Gold was given a burial in the middle of a field in New Orleans. Analysis of the Characters Being an animal is not a reason to live a life less simple. It is very much evident in the story of Black Gold. His life is consisted of complex occurrences that can be considered as more intricate when compared to lives of other people. His birth was a product of a dream. Al Hoots, the owner of Black Gold’s mother named U-See-It, dreamt that if he will breed U-See-It to a leading sire, the mare shall give birth to the horse that will win in the Kentucky Derby. As a result, Hoots tried to mate U-See-It to a stallion named Black Toney. The money Hoots used came from the oil that during that time was being excavated from their land in Oklahoma. Here is where the name Black Gold originated. Among the individuals who imparted time and dedication to Black Gold was his rider Jaydee Mooney. Jaydee Mooney was the one who initially believed in the capacity and talent of Black Gold: â€Å" †¦us Mooneys always try. We do our best†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( p. 108). However, his spirit was pushed into limits when Black Gold got injured several days before the Derby: † †¦ It was the first loss for the team of Black Gold and Jaydee Mooney. Was it the soreness in his foot showing up again-the same trouble he’d had the week before the Derby? †¦ † (p. 143). Nevertheless, Jaydee Mooney proved to be not only as a rider but a friend as well to Black Gold, especially when the horse died. Analysis of the Plot Since the book was based from true stories and actual experiences, Marguerite Henry wrote it by narrating events in chronological order. Although written in this manner, the book is not boring and dragging to read. It is because the plot itself is a compelling one that catches and drawn immediately the attention of its readers. She used literary devices so as to show her creativity and mastery in handling and writing a topic such as that presented in the book. Henry was also successful in presenting transition of events. Every chapter in the book promises a more interesting and intense happenings from previous events and chapters. In addition, Henry was effective in inflicting transitional devices that guide the readers while reading. The use of illustrations in the book helped in the proper interpretation of events in the story since the readers will be carefully guided while going on through the story. However, the use of these illustrations somehow gives an impression that Black Gold is a children’s book. But all in all, the story’s plot, as well as the book in general, was a well- crafted depiction of an extraordinary tale. Reference Henry, M. ( 1957). Black Gold. Illinois: Rand McNally

The Vb.Net Sender and e Event Parameters

The Vb.Net Sender and e Event Parameters In VB6, an event subroutine, like Button1_Click, was much less complicated because the system called the subroutine strictly by name. If a Button1_Click event existed, the system called it. Its direct and straightforward. But in VB.NET, there are two major upgrades that make VB.NET SOOPercharged (thats OOP for Object Oriented Programming). The Handles clause controls whether the system calls the subroutine, not the name.The sender and e parameters are passed to the subroutine. Use of Parameters Lets look at a simple example to see the difference that parameters make in VB.NET. Private Sub Button1_Click( ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs ) Handles Button1.Click Your code goes hereEnd Sub Event subroutines always receive a sender object and a system EventArgs parameter e. Because the EventArgs parameter is an object, it supports whatever properties and methods are necessary. For example, the old VB6 MouseMove event subroutine used to receive four parameters: Button As IntegerShift As IntegerX As SingleY As Single When more advanced mice came out with more buttons, VB6 had a real problem supporting them. VB.NET only passes one MouseEventArgs parameter but it supports a lot more properties and methods. And each of them are objects that support even more. For example, the e.Button property contains all these properties: LeftMiddleRightNoneXButton1XButton2 If someone invents a trancendental mouse with a virtual button, VB.NET will only have to update the .NET Framework to support it and no previous code will break as a result. There are a number of .NET technologies that absolutely depend on these parameters. For example, since your PC usually only has a single screen to display graphics, your code has to merge the graphics it creates into the same image used by Windows. For that reason, a single graphics object has to be shared. The major way that your code is able to use that graphics object is to use the e parameter that is passed to the OnPaint event with the PaintEventArgs object. Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint( ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs) Dim g As Graphics e.Graphics Other Examples What else can you do with these parameters? To illustrate, suppose you want to find whether a string, perhaps something you entered into a Textbox, exists in any one of a collection of other Textboxes when you click on one. You could code a few dozen virtually identical subroutines for each Textbox: If TextBox42.Text.IndexOf( SearchString.Text) -1 Then NotFound.Text Not Found But its a lot easier to code just one and let it handle all of them. The sender parameter will reveal which Textbox was clicked. Private Sub FindIt( ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs ) Handles TextBox1.Enter, TextBox2.Enter, . . . and on and on . . . TextBox42.Enter Dim myTextbox As TextBox myTextbox sender Dim IndexChar As Integer myTextbox.Text.IndexOf( SearchString.Text) If IndexChar -1 Then _ NotFound.Text Not Found _ Else _ NotFound.Text Found It! End Sub Recently, a programmer asked me for a better way to delete the line that was clicked in any of six specified lists. He had it working in a couple of dozen lines of code that simply confused me. But using sender, it was really quite simple: Private Sub ListBox_Click( ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs ) Handles ListBox1.Click, ListBox2.Click Dim myListBox As New ListBox myListBox sender myListBox.Items.RemoveAt(myListBox.SelectedIndex)End Sub One more example to nail down the point is a question that was sent in by Pierre in Belgium. Pierre was testing the equality of Button1 and sender using the Is operator for objects: If sender Is Button1 Then ... This is syntactically correct because sender and Button1 are both objects that can be referenced. And since sender really is identical with Button1, why doesnt it work? The answer depends on a keyword that is found a little earlier in the statement. First, lets check the Microsoft documentation for the Is operator. Visual Basic compares two object reference variables with the Is Operator. This operator determines if two reference variables refer to the same object instance. Notice that sender is passed ByVal. That means that a copy of Button1 is passed, not the actual object itself. So when Pierre tests to see if sender and Button1 are the same instance, the result is False. To test whether Button1 or Button2 has been clicked, you have to turn sender into an actual Button object and then test a property of that object. Text is usually used, but you could test a value in Tag or even the Location property. This code works: Dim myButton As ButtonmyButton senderIf myButton.Text Button1 Then

A Brief History Of The Canadian Pacific Railway History Essay

A Brief History Of The Canadian Pacific Railway History Essay The Railways are very important part of Canada’s history and a part of transportation. â€Å"For more than a century, CP rail was called the Canadian Pacific Railway, and it remains today the railroad that helped to settle the Canadian West in the Second half of the last Century† ( Thomas York 129). The CP was not only built to provide transportation, but it was also built to get British Columbia united with Canada. It also helped many Chinese immigrants to come to Canada and had a strong impact on the political and economic connection between west to east of Canada. It is beyond doubt that the Canadian Pacific Railway was really the one that had Canada united as a country. Chinese workers had an important contribution to the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway in British Columbia. Andrew Onderdonk, an American who was hired for construction contractor for Canadian Pacific Railway in British Columbia, signed agreement with Chinese contractors in China’s Gua ngdong province. Five thousand labourers were sent from China by ship during these contracts and over seven thousand were employed from California. Between 1881 and 1884 there were 17000 Chinese labourers working on Canadian Pacific Railway. Chinese workers got paid â€Å"$1.00 a day, and from this $1.00 the workers had to still pay for their food and their camping and cooking gear, [while] white workers did not have to pay for these things even though they were paid more money $1.50-$2.50 per day†(Library and Archives Canada). The Chinese workers had the most dangerous jobs from others, as they had to break off granite and planted explosives that were used to blow up tunnels. While working on the railway, many died due to accidents, fires and dynamite blasts. The Chinese workers lived in tents, but these tents were unsafe as they did not provide protection from falling rocks. When the Canadian Pacific Railway completed in 1885, the Chinese workers needed to find new jobs. Se veral workers went back to China, while some found a new job as gardeners, cooks and servants. The Chinese moved to east of Canada and settled there, opening restaurants and laundries. When the railway finished, the government passed The Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 charging a Head Tax of $50 to any Chinese coming to Canada. This act was meant to stop Chinese immigration to Canada, but the 1885 act failed and the government passed The Chinese Immigration Act of 1900 to increase the tax to $100 and The Chinese Immigration Act of 1903 to increase the tax to $500. An estimated of $23 million was collected from 1885 and 1923 from the head tax. During this period, the Chinese in Canada lived a bachelor society as families in China would not pay this much money to send their daughters to Canada. After Canada entered World War II, the Chinese communities contributed to Canada’s war efforts and this brought â€Å"independent Chinese immigrants in Canada. . . after Canada eliminat ed race and the â€Å"place of origin† section from its immigration policy in 1967†³(History of Chinese Immigration to Canada, Wikipedia.org). Chinese suffered extreme intolerance and abuse, but thanks to their work of the Trans-Canada railway, Chinese communities developed across the Canada. When the railway was building, many manufacturer began to see this railway had big economic possible.